Vapor-burner for stoves



(No Model.)

Z. DAVIS. VapprBurn'er for Stoves.

Patented Feb. 15, 1'88].

NJETERS; PHOTOUTHOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON n c 'NITED STATES PATENT Fries.

ZEBULON DAVIS, OF CANTON, OHIO.

VAPOR-BURNER FOR STOVES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 237,826, dated February 15, 1881.

Application filed November 4, 1880. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that l, ZEBULON DAVIS, of Canton, in the county of Stark and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Im provements in Vapor-Burners for Stoves; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use it, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in vapor-burners for stoves; and it consists in the use of a conducting-shield, which may be pivoted, stationary, hinged, or swung upon any of the other parts, and which serves to interrupt the flow of gas into the burner when it is desired to turn the flame down low, and which shield then conducts the gas and flame against or to such parts of the burner as it is necessary to keep hot for the purpose of vaporizing the oil.

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a burner embodyin g my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the body of the burner alone. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the perforated cover of the overflow-cup. Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 8 are detail views of different forms of the conducting-shield. Fig. 7 is a view of the spreader-plate. Fig. 9 is a vertical section of my burner, taken at right angles to Fig. 1, and showing the deflector turned to one side.

Arepresents the conducting-tube, which is screwed at its upper end into a socket, B, that is cast directly upon the under side of the body O of the burner. From, this tube A the oil passes into the tube D, which extends directly through the center of the burner in a straight line, for the double purpose of cleaning the tube out easily, whenever it becomes clogged, without removing any part of the burner, and

so that the tube will be more easily heated than it otherwise would if it were cast separately, and thus more perfectly vaporize the oil. To the outer end of this tube is secured, in any suitable manner, the pipe E, of the form shown, and which is provided with the remov-,

oil. Through the lower end of this pipe E is passed the regulatingscrew F, in the usual manner. This screw, instead of being provided with the usual needle-valve, has a hole, Gr, bored into it, and through the side of this screw, at any suitable point, so that it will register with the hole in the pipe, is a small hole,

H, through which the gas passes, so as to pass out of the end of the screw. A very slight turn of the screw will turn this hole H away from the hole in the pipe, and thus shut off the flow of gas. When the needle-valve is used there is a constant wear upon the needle,

which soon destroys its tight joint, and then the size of the flame cannot be so perfectly controlled nor leakage prevented. Where the holes are made through the screw, as here shown, thereis but little wear upon the screw,

and the flame is always under the most perfect control.

Formed on theunder side of the burner, and cast in a single piece with it, is the deflectingchamber 1, which is narrowest at its bottom which conducts the gas and the air which the gas entrains directlyinto the deflecting-chamber. This air and gas strike the vertical rear side of this chamber, where they are intimately commingled, and are then deflected upward into the burner chamber. pipe or guide N is arranged at any suitable angle, and its mouth is just far enough away from the point where the gas is discharged to enable the gas to entrain a sufficient amount of air to cause a perfect combustion.

I The cap 0 of the combustion-chamber has two flat surfaces, as shown, and through both of the vertical sides of the chamber are made suitable holesfor the flames. The coin mingled This conducting air and gas strike against the two flat surfaces 5 of the cap, and are directed through these holes. In the center of the smaller portion of the cap is made the depression P, which has a number of holes made through it, so that flames will issue from them and strike against the mo center of the bottom of the vessel being heated. The tendency of the flames which issue from the sides of the burner is to spread outward away from the center, and these central orifices are to counteract this tendency and direct a portion of the heat directly against the center of the bottom of the "essel. The lower edge of the cap is made to project out beyond the side of the chamber and just above the row of holes, as shown at X, and this project ing edge serves to catch a large amount of heat without in any way interfering with the heat that is thrown ofi' by the flame, and by thus absorbing heat to heat the whole burner, and thus cause the oil which is passing through the tube in the burner to be more perfectly vaporized.

In order to prevent the blowing sound which always takes place when the burneris lighted, a flange, Y, is made all around the side of the burner just below the holes, and which flange prevents the upward -rising currents of air from coming in direct contact with the flames at the point where they issue from the side of the chamber. This flange, besides preventing this disagreeable sound, also acts to absorb heat, and helps to heat the body of the burner, and thus aid in vaporizing the oil.

The recess in the top of the burner serves to allow a plate having a projection on its under side to be centered on top of the burner. This plate serves to spread the flames, so that the burner can be used in broilin g steaks without burning them.

The lower end of the pipe E is closed by a screw-plug, R, which can be removed so as to clean out the pipe, and which serves as the pivot upon which the overflow-cup Q turns. This cup may be of any desired shape or size, and has extending outward from it on one side the trough-shaped extension S, which reaches over under the other portions of the burner to any desired distance. Pivoted or otherwise loosely attached to this extension, or secured rigidly thereto, as may be preferred, is the conducting-shield T, which, when the cup is turned into the position shown in Fig. 1, serves only to allow the oil which escapes from the screw to strike against and guide it down into the cup Q, which cup is provided with a suitable handle, U, for turning the cup upon its pivot. This deflector has walls or flanges on its sides, so as to prevent the gas from spreading laterally, and as the gas strikes the deflector at a slight upward angle the gas rises upward and escapes from the upper open end of the deflector. Side walls are preferably used, but a deflector made concave in cross-section answers equally as well.

. The handle U is applied to the bottom of the cup, as shown in Fig. 1, where it is least liable to be heated by the flame in the cup, and so as to enable the cup to be freely turned around at any time.

The cup Q, and its trough-like extension are covered over with a perforated cover, V, which has holes through it sufficiently lar e to allow the vapor from the gas to be burned slowly and with a blue flame through them. As all of the oil cannot burn through that part of this perforated cover which is over the cop, the flame passes up through the trough, and is thus conducted under those parts of the burner which are at a distance from the cup. The vapor burns through the perforations the entire length of the trough-like extension, and, as the vapor is protected from the air, it burns with a blue flame, without any smoke, and with an intense heat. The whole burner being thus heated by the flame which arises from this cup and its extension, the oil in the tube and pipes is more quickly and thoroughly vaporized and the burner more quickly lighted, without the smoke which is always produced while the uncovered cup alone is used. Where an uncovered cup alone is used, as soon as a match is applied to the oil in it the flame flashes up and burns with a great deal of smoke and covers the whole burner and everything surrounding it with soot. These disadvantages my invention enti rely overcomes.

The cover may be made without any perforations, if so desired, in which case there will be left enough of a space around its edges for the flame to pass through; but the perforations are to be preferred. The trough-like extension may also be fllled with sand, asbestos, or any such material, for the purpose of preventin g the boiling and too rapid vaporization and burning of the oil, and which tends to produce smoke.

. After. the parts of the burner have become sufficiently heated to vaporize the oil the cup and shield are turned upon their pivot, so that the shield will not intercept the current of gas which is projected into the chamber on the under side of the burner. As long as the burner is in use this shield remains swung around to one side; but when it is desired to turn the flame down low, and thus keep the burner hot, so that the flame can be turned on full at any moment, the shield is turned around between the end of the screw and the guide or pipe which guides the gas and air into the chamber, and thus prevents the gas from entering the pipe. This shield may be made either of the shape here shown or any otherthatmay be preferred, and which is placed just far enough from the end of the screw to allow the gas to entrain sulflcient air to make the gas thoroughly combustible. As soon as the shield is partiallyinterposed between the screw and the guide or pipe the gas strikes the shield and is deflected upward toward the flame, where the gas at once ignites before the flames have time to die awayfrom the sides of the burner. The screw is then twisted so as to shut off all the flow of gas except just what is suflicient to keep up the flame enough to keep the pipe E or any other part of the burner hot and prevent the vapor from condensin This flame for keeping the burner hot burns without any smoke, and may be made so small thatits cost will not be appreciable. As soon as it is desired to use the burner again the gas is turned on, and then the shield is moved slowly around 'on its pivot, so that before the shield has been and part enters the pipe and passes into the burner. As soon as this gas passes through the sides of the burner it is ignited by the flame which is running up the shield, and thus the burner is again lighted without the slightest trouble. This same operation takes place when the gas is going to be turned down. As soon as the shield gets partially between the screw and the guide the current of air and gas is partially divided, and part enters the burner and part moves up the shield to be ignited, as above described.

As above stated, the shield may be stationary, pivoted, or hung upon some other part of the burner. When the shield is to be stationary the cup is secured to the lower end of the pipe, so that it does not swing upon its pivot, and then the shield is secured rigidly to the extension or cup, and has a hole through it. This hole is covered over by a slide, cover, or escutcheou, as shown in Fig. 4, and which cover or slide can be moved sidewise by suitable handle or rod, so as to act in substantially the same manner as when the shield is moved. sidewise with the extension. When the shield is hung upon the pipe E or some other part of the burner it is pivoted to the end of the bent wire, and then the wire is pivoted upon some part of the burner, as shown in Fig. 5. By moving the outer bent end of this wire the shield can be moved back and forth between the guide and the'end of the screw in such a manner as to act as above described. A small tube may also be used, and which will turn upon any suitable pivot that may be provided for it.

The shield may also be made to move vertically upon any suitable devices, if so preferred. The particular shape or the special means of using or moving this shield may be varied at will without departing from the spirit of my invention, as the special object of my invention has been to devise a means for turning the flame down low, so as to keep the burner hot.

I am aware that a stop has been placed upon one edge of the oil-cup, and which serves, when turned into the proper position, to have the oil strike against and run back into the cup. This stop, however, does not serve as a deflector for the gas, and would not, if turned wherethe gas would strike it, deflect the gas upward, so as to keep a small flame burning for the purpose of keeping the burner hot.

I am also aware that an inwardly-curved plate for the purpose of flattening the flame and turning it toward the generating-chamber is also old, and this I disclaim.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. In a vapor-burner, a deflector which is inclined outward from the needle-point, and which is interposed between the escapingpoint of the gas and the pipe N, the deflector being made to extend up above the pipe, so as to shut the gas off from it, and so inclined as todeflect the gas upward toward the burner, substantially as shown.

2. In avapor-burner, the combination of the inclined deflector T, secured to the oil-cup or some portion of the burner, with the pipe E, provided with a screw for regulating the flow of gas, and the vapor-burner provided with the inlet-pipe N, the deflector being made to project up above the end of the pipe, and

adapted to gradually cutoff the gas from the burner, so as to light a second flame before the burner-flame is extinguished, substantially as described.

3. In a vapor-burner, a deflector, T, placed far enough away from the point where the gas is discharged to entrain enough air with the gas to produce a combustible mixture, the deflector having side walls or flanges to prevent the lateral spread of the gas after it strikes the deflector, and thus guide it upward, substantially as specified.

4. Ina vapor-burner,'the combination of the vapor-exit G with a deflector, T, made open upon its front side and at its upper end, and

so shaped that the gas striking against it at 5 an an gle is prevented from spreading lateral- 1y, but is deflected upward toward the burner, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand this 3d day of November, 1880.

. ZEBULON DAVIS.

Witnesses:

F. A. LEHMANN, A. G. KISKADDEN.

IOO 

